1) Structural heat source for machine tools. Electric motors that generate heat, such as spindle motors, feed servo motors, cooling and lubrication pump motors, and electrical control boxes, can all generate heat. These situations are allowed for the motor itself, but have significant adverse effects on components such as the spindle and ball screw, and measures should be taken to isolate them. When the input electrical energy drives the motor to operate, except for a small portion (about 20%) that is converted into motor thermal energy, most of it will be converted into kinetic energy by the motion mechanism, such as spindle rotation, workbench movement, etc; However, it is inevitable that a considerable portion will still be converted into frictional heat during the movement process, such as heat generated by mechanisms such as bearings, guide rails, ball screws, and transmission boxes.
2) The cutting heat of the process. During the cutting process, a portion of the kinetic energy of the tool or workpiece is consumed by the cutting work, while a considerable portion is converted into the deformation energy of the cutting and the frictional heat between the chips and the tool, resulting in the heating of the tool, spindle, and workpiece. A large amount of chip heat is then transmitted to the worktable fixtures and other components of the machine tool. They will directly affect the relative position between the tool and the workpiece.
