1) Vertical machining center
A vertical machining center refers to a machining center with a vertical spindle. Its structural form is mostly a fixed column, and the workbench is rectangular without indexing rotation function. It is suitable for machining disk, sleeve, and plate parts. It generally has two linear motion coordinate axes and can be equipped with a rotary table that rotates along the horizontal axis on the workbench to process spiral parts.
The vertical machining center is easy to install, operate, observe the machining situation, debug the program, and has a wide range of applications. However, due to the limitations of the column height and tool changing device, parts that are too high cannot be machined. When machining the cavity or concave surface, chips are not easily discharged, and in severe cases, it can damage the tool, damage the machined surface, and affect the smooth processing
2) Horizontal machining center
Horizontal machining center refers to a machining center with a horizontal spindle, as shown in the figure. Horizontal machining centers are usually equipped with automatic indexing rotary workbenches, which generally have 3-5 motion coordinates. It is common to add three linear motion coordinates and one rotary motion coordinate. After one clamping, the workpiece completes the processing of the remaining four surfaces except for the installation surface and top surface. It is most suitable for adding box type parts. Compared with vertical machining centers, horizontal machining centers have easier chip removal during machining, which is beneficial for machining, but their structure is complex and their prices are higher.
3) Gantry machining center
The shape of the gantry machining center is similar to that of a CNC gantry milling machine, as shown in the figure. The spindle of gantry machining centers is mostly set vertically, and in addition to automatic tool changing devices, they also come with replaceable spindle head accessories. The CNC device has complete functions and can be used for multiple purposes, especially suitable for processing large and complex shaped workpieces
4) Five axis machining center
The five axis machining center has the functions of a vertical machining center and a horizontal machining center, as shown in the figure. Five axis machining center, which can complete the machining of the remaining five surfaces except for the installation surface after one installation of the workpiece. There are two common forms of five axis machining centers: one is that the spindle can rotate? 900?, Perform vertical and horizontal machining on the workpiece; Another method is that the spindle does not change direction and the worktable rotates the workpiece by 900 °?., Complete the machining of the five surfaces of the workpiece.
